More than 500 students in Ireland’s higher education institutions were found to have used artificial intelligence (AI) in graded coursework without authorisation during the 2024-2025 academic year. The figure was compiled after RTÉ’s This Week programme contacted universities across the country, though experts warn the actual number is likely higher.
Several of Ireland’s largest universities, including UCD, UCC, Maynooth, and UL, do not separate unauthorised AI use from other forms of academic misconduct such as plagiarism. The Higher Education Authority does not require institutions to record AI-related breaches separately, although universities are still responsible for maintaining academic integrity.
University of Galway reported 224 cases of unauthorised AI use last year. Dr Justin Tonra, the university’s Academic Integrity Officer, said that while the figure represents a small fraction of the 20,000-strong student body, the trend is growing. “The introduction of generative AI has changed the landscape of higher education. We are seeing an increase in the amount of cheating that is facilitated or enabled by that technology,” he said.
Other institutions also reported cases. TU Dublin recorded 71 students misusing AI, while the National College of Ireland found 68 cases. At Dundalk Institute of Technology, 43 students were caught, and the Royal College of Surgeons reported 36 incidents. In smaller colleges, penalties ranged from failing the assignment to capped grades or resits, with repeated offenders facing suspension.
Universities typically handle cases individually. At the University of Galway, suspected students meet one-on-one with lecturers to discuss the misconduct and ways to avoid future breaches. Dr Tonra emphasised that the approach prioritises learning over punishment, with few students repeating offences. “It’s crucial that the graduates we send out are able to do what they’re supposed to do,” he said, highlighting the impact on peers when cheating occurs.
The absence of a clear AI policy for students has caused confusion. Some courses allow controlled AI use, while others strictly forbid it. Students report mixed experiences depending on their field of study. A commerce student noted that AI familiarity will be necessary in the workplace, while a psychology student questioned the ethical and environmental impacts of the technology.
Experts caution that detecting generative AI is challenging. The National Academic Integrity Network and AI Advisory Council advise against relying on AI detection software due to the risk of false positives.
Universities are also exploring how AI can support learning. Professor Michael Madden of the University of Galway teaches AI to senior students, stressing that generative AI should enhance understanding rather than replace it.
Emma Muldoon Ryan, Vice-President of Academic Affairs at the national students’ union AMLÉ, said students need clear guidance on acceptable AI use. “Most are looking for adoption in a controlled manner,” she said, pointing to the importance of preparing students for professional environments where AI tools are increasingly common.