Thick smoke from ongoing wildfires in Canada has drifted southward, blanketing much of the Midwestern United States in haze and prompting widespread air quality warnings across several states.
The National Weather Service (NWS) has issued air quality alerts for Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Michigan, and parts of Nebraska and Missouri. Minneapolis and Chicago both ranked among the top 10 major cities worldwide with the worst air quality on Saturday, according to IQAir, a global air monitoring platform.
The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency extended its air quality alert statewide through the weekend, urging residents to limit outdoor activities, particularly vulnerable groups such as the elderly, young children, and those with respiratory conditions.
The surge in wildfire activity across North America has been linked to climate change. According to the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, over 6,000 wildfires scorched 37 million acres in Canada in 2023, marking one of the worst fire seasons in the country’s history. A separate study by the Center for American Progress found that states like Texas, Oregon, and California are now experiencing wildfires at more than double the rate compared to the 1970s.
“As temperatures rise and climate change worsens, these fires are becoming not only more frequent but more intense,” said Dr. MeiLan Han, spokesperson for the American Lung Association. “This is now a growing public health emergency, not just an environmental issue.”
Exposure to wildfire smoke is known to cause a range of immediate symptoms including coughing, throat irritation, difficulty breathing, and chest discomfort, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Those with pre-existing respiratory or cardiovascular conditions, as well as pregnant individuals, are especially at risk.
Health experts are urging residents in affected areas to take precautions:
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Stay Indoors: Limit outdoor activities, especially strenuous exertion. Events should be moved indoors when possible.
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Wear Proper Masks: If outdoor exposure is unavoidable, use certified N95 or KN95 masks that fit tightly over the nose, mouth, and chin. Masks should be NIOSH-approved and replaced when damaged or breathing becomes difficult.
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Improve Indoor Air Quality: Set HVAC systems to recirculate air, use air purifiers, or create DIY air cleaners. In vehicles, ensure the system is set to recirculate internal air rather than drawing from outside.
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Check the AQI: Stay informed through the Environmental Protection Agency’s AirNow website, which tracks the Air Quality Index (AQI) in real-time. An AQI score over 300 is considered “hazardous” for all populations.
As climate conditions continue to drive extreme weather patterns and wildfire events, public health officials warn that smoky skies may become a more frequent reality for millions across North America.